![]() ![]() The use of -or and -ee in legal language (such as lessor/ lessee) to distinguish actors and recipients of action has given the -or ending a tinge of professionalism, and this makes it useful in doubling words that have a professional and a non-professional sense (such as advisor/ adviser, conductor/conducter, incubator/incubater, elevator/elevater). In words of Latin origin, verbs derived from past participle stems of Latin ones (including most verbs in -ate) usually take the Latin ending -or, as do Latin verbs that passed through French (such as governor) but there are many exceptions ( eraser, laborer, promoter, deserter sailor, bachelor), some of which were conformed from Latin to English in late Middle English. If a foreigner decided to relocate to another country, they become an immigrant and perhaps eventually a citizen. Generally used with native Germanic words. ![]() Some believe this root is identical with, and perhaps a borrowing of, Latin -arius (see -ary). hearings US / foreign conparisons Comparative criminology Cortecions in foreign countries Country - by - country surveys Crime in foreign countries. In native words it represents Old English -ere (Old Northumbrian also -are) "man who has to do with," from Proto-Germanic *-ari (cognates: German -er, Swedish -are, Danish -ere), from Proto-Germanic *-arjoz. English agent noun ending, corresponding to Latin -or.
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